a variety of factors can contribute to these circumstances, of which husbandry is the most common. only when a puppy or kitten is maintained at an appropriate temperature is it able to digest milk and thus ready to be fed. jugular intravenous catheters may be the easiest to obtain, and the femur is an excellent bone for intraosseous placement using a hypodermic 22- or 20-gauge needle. the tube should be aligned from the mouth and extended down to the last …